Smoke detectors are mandatory
in all dwellings as of January 1, 2025!
Do you own a home? Then your home should be equipped with smoke detectors. That’s not only mandatory since January 2025, it also saves lives! Smoke detectors save lives in the event of a fire by alerting you in time. Are you a landlord? Since January 2025, it is mandatory to install smoke detectors with an integrated battery with a 10-year service life on the escape route and on each floor of the rental property. With this campaign, Brussels Housing and Brussels Fire Brigade, want to inform all residents about the new obligations. This page will offer the most important information for tenants, landlords and owners. Protect yourself from fire and install the required smoke detectors today!
Why are detectors so important in the event of a fire?
When the smoke alarm sounds, you only have three minutes to evacuate your home. Exactly, just three minutes! Nowadays, a fire can spread so quickly that it only takes 3 minutes to become a deadly hazard. Most house fire fatalities occur at night or in the early morning — when we are asleep. You see, we can’t smell when we’re asleep; luckily, we can still hear. That’s why it’s so important to install smoke detectors. The sound of the alarm will wake you up, allowing you to evacuate swiftly and call the emergency services by dialing 112.
Installing a smoke detector is very easy!
Fitting a smoke detector is easy: use the magnetic mounting kit to attach it to the ceiling effortlessly. Use a step or ladder to get to the ceiling safely and ask for help if necessary. Always follow the instructions in the manual.
As an owner or landlord, you are required to install smoke detector. Here’s where to fit them.
- The first room of the home that follows the main entrance.
- In all locations along the escape route (the internal circulation pathway): every area you need to pass through from your bedroom(s) to the exit in case of fire, including corridors and landings.
- On every floor of your home, even if it is not on the escape route. Install the smoke detector on the landing or in the first room that gives access to this floor.
- If you need four or more smoke detectors to be compliant, you should install interconnected smoke detectors.
Need four or more smoke detectors?
If you need four or more smoke detectors to be compliant, you should install interconnected smoke detectors*. Alternatively, you could invest in a centralised detection system. However, interconnected smoke detectors are much more affordable — you can easily link 10 or more detectors.
*Owners who already have four or more autonomous smoke detectors installed, as per the 2004 Smoke Detector Order, have until 1 January 2028 to comply with the new rules.
Make sure to install your smoke detectors in the right location
- Install the detectors on the ceiling, as smoke rises.
- Place them as close to the center of the room as possible. If that’s not possible, ensure they are at least 30 cm from any corner.
- In a room with an inclined ceiling, install the detector 90cm below the highest point, attaching it to the sloped wall.
- Do not place detectors behind curtains or in a corner.
Life-saving tips from the fire brigade
Install a smoke detector in:
- The room adjacent to the kitchen
- The living room
- All bedrooms
- The laundry room
- Any area where you charge batteries (e.g. for your smartphone, laptop or scooter).
Do not install a smoke detector:
- In the bathroom, kitchen or garage as this could trigger the alarm. Install the detectors outside these areas. If that’s not possible, install a heat detector in the kitchen or bathroom.
- Next to a fan, vent or duct
- Above a heater
How to maintain a smoke detector
- Regularly dust the smoke detectors, as excess dust could trigger the alarm. Use a dust cloth, Swiffer or low-power vacuum cleaner.
- Test the battery from time to time by pressing the test button – an umbrella or broom handle works well. Check the battery if you were away for several days, as it may have died during your absence.
- Replace the detector every 10 years, as the sensors of the device no longer function properly after this time. Older devices are also more likely to trigger false alarms.
Where to buy a smoke detector
You can buy a smoke detector in most DIY shops or online.
Waar moet je op moet letten?
- Choose a detector with an integrated battery that has a 10-year service life.
- Opt for an optical smoke detector, as they are more effective.
- Ensure the detector has a test button.
- Always choose an officially certified smoke detector. Look for the CE mark and the European standard (NBN) EN 14604 are what you recognise them by. This standard also applies to interconnectable smoke detectors and ensures the device meets the necessary quality standards and complies with the Smoke Detector Decree.
Smoke detectors for people with reduced mobility
Are you disabled or know someone who is? There are smoke detectors specifically designed for people who are deaf, hard of hearing, or visually impaired. These detectors use voice technology, light signals or vibration alarms that activate in the event of an emergency. You can find more information on smoke detectors for people with disabilities on the PHARE website.
Are you a tenant or landlord? Every tenant has the right to install a specific type of smoke detector. However, the landlord is not obligated to pay for this type of device. The PHARE services offer a subsidy for the purchase of these smoke detectors.
Tenant or landlord, who’s responsible?
As a landlord, you are responsible for:
- Paying for the purchase and installation costs of the smoke detectors.
- Choosing smoke detectors that meet the required standards.
- Correctly installing the smoke detectors.
- Replacing the smoke detectors: either when they are defective, before the expiry date, or at the latest 10 years after the indicated manufacturing date.
As a tenant, you are responsible for:
- Regularly dust and test your smoke detector.
- Inform your landlord in writing if there are any issues with the smoke detector or if it is not working.
Read here the decision of the Brussels-Capital
Government regarding fire detection in homes
Contact
Do you have any questions about smoke detectors?
Please contact the Sensitization of Brussels Fire Service at
sensibilisation@firebru.brussels.